Good morning. The optimal decision-making range sits between forty and seventy percent confidence, maximizing both informed judgment and decisive action timing.

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A WSJ investigation found toxic fumes from jet engines increasingly leak into aircraft cabins, sickening crews and passengers. Fume events surged from 12 per million departures in 2014 to 108 per million in 2024.

The problem stems from oil leaks entering aircraft "bleed air" systems that supply cabin air. Airbus A320 aircraft show seven times higher incident rates than Boeing 737s among major airlines, according to FAA reports analyzed by the Journal (see the disturbing video here).

Doctors compare brain effects to NFL concussions in severe cases. Airbus loosened maintenance requirements despite knowing incidents would increase, internal documents show. Manufacturers downplay health risks while crew members report lasting neurological damage.

What you need to know, here.

General Motors recalled 23,000 Corvette Z06 and ZR1 models over a defect causing cars to catch fire at gas stations, the company announced last month. The cooling fan can ignite spilled gasoline even after shutdown.

The affected supercars start at $100,000 and reach 233 mph. Multiple owners posted videos showing their Corvettes exploding while refueling. Faulty gas pumps that don't automatically stop contribute to incidents, GM said.

GM developed a fuel shield fix and issued stop-sale orders to dealers until repairs complete. The remedy part should be available within weeks, officials said. Nearly 1,600 affected vehicles were on lots.

See video here.

Full list of winners here. Snubs and surprises here.

The 2025 Emmy Awards concluded Sunday with "Adolescence" sweeping six awards including best limited series, while "The Studio" claimed four wins including best comedy series. "The Pitt" won best drama series among its three total awards.

Owen Cooper became the youngest-ever male acting winner at 19. Tramell Tillman made history as the first Black man winning best supporting actor in drama for "Severance." "The Late Show With Stephen Colbert" won best talk series.

Nate Bargatze hosted the ceremony from Los Angeles' Peacock Theater. The show aired live on CBS and streamed on Paramount+, officials said. The ceremony raised $350,000 for Boys and Girls Club.

Watch Nate Bargatze’s opening sketch and monologue.

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Most people overthink major decisions until opportunities disappear. Colin Powell's strategy: Never decide with less than 40% information, never gather more than 70% information. Why This Works:

Real Cost: Each extra percentage point of certainty demands exponentially more time while reducing available options.

Key Insight: 70% sure beats 100% sure when timing matters. Most breakthrough decisions happen in the uncertainty zone.

Read this article.

A 2022 clinical trial found saffron extract (30mg daily) showed comparable efficacy to methylphenidate in treating ADHD symptoms over three months. Sixty-three children showed similar improvements in attention and executive function, with saffron more effective for hyperactivity and methylphenidate better for inattention.

Read this article.

▲ Kirk suspect Tyler Robinson refuses cooperation while family aids investigation into assassination | Funeral arrangements for Sunday.

▲ ObamaCare fight meets shutdown politics as Democrats demand premium subsidy extension before supporting any September 30 government funding.

▲ Nvidia violations found by China regulators in preliminary anti-monopoly investigation launched last December.

▲ Cattle ranchers earn record $700 profit per animal as beef prices soar, up from $2 in 2020.

▲ AI safety bill SB 53 passes California legislature but Newsom could still veto measure.

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